Quiz 212-81 - Certified Encryption Specialist Updated New Real Test

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EC-COUNCIL 212-81 Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic	Details
Topic 1	Server-based Certificate Validation Protocol Classification of Random Number Generator
Topic 2	Cracking Modern Cryptography Example of Symmetric Stream Ciphers: PIKE
Topic 3	Symmetric Cryptography & Hashes Single Substitution Weaknesses
Topic 4	Number Theory and Asymmetric Cryptography Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
Topic 5	Cracking Modern Cryptography: Ciphertext-only and Related-key Attack Cracking Modern Cryptography: Chosen Plaintext Attack
Topic 6	Steganography Implementations Example of Symmetric Stream Ciphers: RC4
Topic 7	Shiva Password Authentication Protocol (S-PAP) Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP)
Topic 8	International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA) History of Cryptography
Topic 9	Propagating Cipher-Block Chaining (PCBC) Naor-Reingold and Mersenne Twister Pseudorandom Function
Topic 10	Information Theory Cryptography Concepts Multi-Alphabet Substitution

EC-COUNCIL Certified Encryption Specialist Sample Questions (Q155-Q160):

NEW QUESTION # 155
What is the name of the attack where the attacker obtains the ciphertexts corresponding to a set of plaintexts of his own choosing?

A. Differential cryptanalysis
B. Known-plaintext attack
C. Kasiski examination
D. Chosen plaintext

Answer: D

Explanation:
Chosen plaintext
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chosen-plaintext_attack
A chosen-plaintext attack (CPA) is an attack model for cryptanalysis which presumes that the attacker can obtain the ciphertexts for arbitrary plaintexts. The goal of the attack is to gain information that reduces the security of the encryption scheme.
Incorrect answers:
Differential cryptanalysis - is a general form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers, but also to stream ciphers and cryptographic hash functions. In the broadest sense, it is the study of how differences in information input can affect the resultant difference at the output. In the case of a block cipher, it refers to a set of techniques for tracing differences through the network of transformation, discovering where the cipher exhibits non-random behavior, and exploiting such properties to recover the secret key (cryptography key).
Known-plaintext attack - (KPA) is an attack model for cryptanalysis where the attacker has access to both the plaintext (called a crib), and its encrypted version (ciphertext). These can be used to reveal further secret information such as secret keys and code books.
Kasiski examination - (also referred to as Kasiski's test or Kasiski's method) is a method of attacking polyalphabetic substitution ciphers, such as the Vigenere cipher. It was first published by Friedrich Kasiski in 1863, but seems to have been independently discovered by Charles Babbage as early as 1846. In polyalphabetic substitution ciphers where the substitution alphabets are chosen by the use of a keyword, the Kasiski examination allows a cryptanalyst to deduce the length of the keyword. Once the length of the keyword is discovered, the cryptanalyst lines up the ciphertext in n columns, where n is the length of the keyword. Then each column can be treated as the ciphertext of a monoalphabetic substitution cipher. As such, each column can be attacked with frequency analysis.

NEW QUESTION # 156
This algorithm was published by the German engineering firm Seimans in 1993. It is a software based stream cipher using Lagged Fibonacci generator along with a concept borrowed from the shrinking generator ciphers.

A. RC4
B. FISH
C. Twofish
D. Blowfish

Answer: B

Explanation:
FISH
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FISH_(cipher)
The FISH (FIbonacci SHrinking) stream cipher is a fast software based stream cipher using Lagged Fibonacci generators, plus a concept from the shrinking generator cipher. It was published by Siemens in 1993. FISH is quite fast in software and has a huge key length. However, in the same paper where he proposed Pike, Ross Anderson showed that FISH can be broken with just a few thousand bits of known plaintext.

NEW QUESTION # 157
A linear congruential generator is an example of what?

A. A prime number generator
B. A pseudo random number generator
C. A coprime generator
D. A random number generator

Answer: B

Explanation:
A pseudo random number generator
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_congruential_generator
A linear congruential generator (LCG) is an algorithm that yields a sequence of pseudo-randomized numbers calculated with a discontinuous piecewise linear equation. The method represents one of the oldest and best-known pseudorandom number generator algorithms. The theory behind them is relatively easy to understand, and they are easily implemented and fast, especially on computer hardware which can provide modular arithmetic by storage-bit truncation.

NEW QUESTION # 158
You are studying classic ciphers. You have been examining the difference between single substitution and multi-substitution. Which one of the following is an example of a multi-alphabet cipher?

A. Rot13
B. Atbash
C. Vigenere
D. Caesar

Answer: C

Explanation:
Vigenere
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigen%C3%A8re_cipher
The Vigenere cipher is a method of encrypting alphabetic text by using a series of interwoven Caesar ciphers, based on the letters of a keyword. It employs a form of polyalphabetic substitution.
First described by Giovan Battista Bellaso in 1553, the cipher is easy to understand and implement, but it resisted all attempts to break it until 1863, three centuries later. This earned it the description le chiffre indechiffrable (French for 'the indecipherable cipher'). Many people have tried to implement encryption schemes that are essentially Vigenere ciphers. In 1863, Friedrich Kasiski was the first to publish a general method of deciphering Vigenere ciphers.

NEW QUESTION # 159
A cryptanalysis success where the attacker discovers additional plain texts (or cipher texts) not previously known.

A. Instance Deduction
B. Information Deduction
C. Distinguishing Algorithm
D. Total Break

Answer: A

Explanation:
Instance Deduction
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptanalysis
The results of cryptanalysis can also vary in usefulness. For example, cryptographer Lars Knudsen (1998) classified various types of attack on block ciphers according to the amount and quality of secret information that was discovered:
Total break - the attacker deduces the secret key.
Global deduction - the attacker discovers a functionally equivalent algorithm for encryption and decryption, but without learning the key.
Instance (local) deduction - the attacker discovers additional plaintexts (or ciphertexts) not previously known.
Information deduction - the attacker gains some Shannon information about plaintexts (or ciphertexts) not previously known.
Distinguishing algorithm - the attacker can distinguish the cipher from a random permutation.

NEW QUESTION # 160
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