Hernia Surgery - Dr Samrat Jankar - Hernia Specialist in Pune
What is Hernia?
A hernia is a protrusion in the abdomen or groin caused by a tear or weakness in the abdominal wall’s muscles or tendons. They are apparent and possibly grow in size over time.
Technically speaking, it is a condition where part of an organ is displaced and protrudes through the cavity wall containing it.
Hernias develop most frequently in the abdomen. However, they may occur in the abdomen button, upper thigh, and groin areas. Hernias, for the most part, are not fatal. But they won’t fade away without treatment. They need to be surgically repaired to avoid possible severe complications.
Let’s know the Causes of Hernia
According to Dr. Samrat Jankar, a renowned hernia specialist in Pune, a hernia develops when pressure pulls an organ or tissue out via an opening or a weak muscle in a patient’s fascia. This weak region could be present from birth or develop later in life.
Any pressure in the abdomen can cause a hernia, which can occur in the following situations:
- Chronic sneezing or coughing
- Diarrhoea and constipation
- Lifting heavy objects without sufficient abdominal muscle support
- Other factors that might cause weak muscles and hernias include smoking, obesity, lack of a nutritious diet, etc.
Now, let’s discuss Different Types of Hernia
1. Hiatal Hernia
The opening of the diaphragm, located between the stomach and the chest, is where the hiatal hernia occurs. The stomach bulges into the chest area with this hernia.
Paraesophageal and sliding hiatal hernias are the two forms of hiatal hernias. The stomach pushes through the gap and lies adjacent to the oesophagus in a paraesophageal hernia. Because the blood supply is likely to be cut off, this disease may result in a strangulated hernia.
On the other hand, the sliding hernia is the most prevalent type. The stomach and the lower end of the oesophagus enter the chest through the diaphragm and rest there in this situation.
2. Inguinal Hernia
An inguinal hernia occurs in the inguinal or groin area. Abdominal fat or intestines pass through the lower abdominal wall and bulge outwards in the inguinal region in this form of hernia.
The intestines or fat from the abdomen bulge through the lower abdominal wall into the inguinal or groin area causes an inguinal hernia. Inguinal hernias can be either indirect or direct.
Indirect inguinal hernia is congenital, i.e., present at birth due to a defect in the abdominal wall. Weaker abdominal wall muscles cause a direct hernia. Adult males who have strained or done a lot of strenuous lifting are more likely to develop it.
3. Femoral Hernia
A femoral hernia is a bulge in the upper thigh near the groin that arises below the inguinal ligament. At times, this area is referred to as the femoral canal, which develops due to natural weakness. The treatment of a femoral hernia necessitates immediate surgery due to the significant risk of complications.
4. Umbilical Hernia
5. Incisional Hernia (from an incision)
Let’s understand How is Hernia Diagnosed?
How is Hernia Treated?
1. Open Hernia Repair
Open hernia repair is also called herniorrhaphy. The surgeon administers local anesthesia in the abdomen or spine to numb the area and general anaesthesia to sedate or help the patient sleep during the surgery. The surgeon may utilize a combination of the two anesthetics.
Open hernia surgery is performed through an incision or cuts in the groin. The surgeon identifies the hernia sac containing the bulging intestine. The hernia is subsequently pushed back into the abdomen, and the abdominal wall is strengthened with stitches or synthetic mesh.
Hernioplasty is a procedure that involves reinforcing muscular weakness with a synthetic mesh or screen to provide additional support. Most patients are discharged a few hours after surgery and resume routine within a few days. Strenuous activity and exercise are restricted for four to six weeks after the surgery.
2. Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair
In laparoscopic, also known as minimally invasive hernia surgery, the surgeon creates small incisions in the abdomen. Through these incisions, the surgeon inserts the laparoscope. Then, the surgeon inserts instruments to repair the hernia through other small incisions in the lower abdomen.
Surgeons usually perform laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia. So, before the surgery, the patient will assess their overall health. During this surgery, there is no or minimal pain.
3. TEP (Total extraperitoneal preperitoneal repair)
During the TEP surgery, the surgeon will seal the hernia using a mesh from outside the peritoneum, a thin membrane surrounding the organs in the belly, rather than entering the peritoneal cavity.
TAPP (Transabdominal preperitoneal repair)
During this procedure, the surgeon enters the peritoneal cavity through three small incisions on the abdomen and inserts a mesh into the peritoneal cavity to cover the hernia location.
4. Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair
A protrusion on the abdomen caused by an opening in the muscles is known as a ventral hernia. Surgery, either open or laparoscopic, is a simple way to treat it. Dr. Samrat Jankar is renowned for his proficiency in laparoscopic surgery in Pune.
He has successfully carried out hundreds of surgeries. He does laparoscopic ventral hernia repair using the following techniques
- IPOM (Intraperitoneal On-lay mesh repair)
It is a one-of-a-kind procedure that involves placing a specific mesh inside the abdomen to cover the hernial location. - eTEP-TAR
It is a novel procedure first used in 2012 to treat complex hernias. During this surgery, the surgeon inserts the mesh in the retro muscular area between layers of the abdominal wall. They create more space in this way to deal with large hernias.
