Yarn is made from natural or synthetic fibres such as cotton, wool, silk and other animal or plant fibers. It can also be made from artificial fibres such as Nylon DTY, Polyester DTY and polypropylene.
Drafting
Drafting is the process of converting a plan into an exact mechanical drawing that can be used to create and produce a machine or component. It can also be used to communicate design intent with other designers, production personnel, or marketers.
The goal is to produce a clear, precise, and accurate representation of a project that can be reproduced by the drafting professional or craftsman who will make it. This can be challenging to accomplish without specific drafting training.
The first step in preparing a fiber for spinning is to measure the staple length (the average length of the fiber). If it's longer than an inch you will need more space between your hands when drafting.
Twisting
The spinning process twists staple fibers together to form a continuous thread or yarn. Spun yarns may contain a single type of fibre, or they can be a blend of different types.
Many types of yarn are made from natural fibers, including wool and cotton. Synthetic fibers are also commonly used in the textile industry.
Natural fibers have a number of properties that make them ideal for use in the spinning and weaving industries. These include warmth (wool), light weight and durability (cotton or rayon), softness (cashmere), etc.
The amount of twist added to the staple fibers during the spinning process adds strength. The amount of twist can be determined by the type of yarn being spun, as well as by the fiber content and fiber stranding method.
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Plying
Spun yarn is made by twisting staple fibers together to form a continuous thread. It may be made from a single type of fibre, or may be a blend of different types. Synthetic and natural fibres are commonly blended.
Plied twisted yarn is a type of yarn that is made from individual singles that have been twisted in the opposite direction from how they were spun to make it stronger and more durable. It is often used for specialized projects because of its strength, durability, and consistency.
To ply, the individual singles are gathered into a bundle and then spun in the opposite direction from how they were originally spun. This gives them more strength and durability than singles and prevents them from pilling (when little bits of fibre sneak out of the knit fabric).
Finishing
Finishing is a term used to describe a variety of processes that manufacturers use to enhance a manufactured product. These processes range from cleaning and etching to plating and chemical/electrochemical conversion.
Choosing the correct finishing process for a manufactured part depends on materials and desired characteristics, as well as production costs. These processes are usually performed in a captive shop that works on a single product or job shop, which is an independent facility that provides coating operations for various customers.
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The most common and obvious method of finishing is fulling. This involves using a high temperature and agitation to force a texturing yarn's fibers to expand, which gives it a more "full" look. However, this is not a long-lasting or durable change and can reduce the yarn's loft and elasticity.
